The protocol consists of casting thin layers onto a silicone-coated polymeric foil and drying at room temperature. This approach enables the formation of defect-free layers and Flat planar half-cells with impressive dimensions of up to 100 mm × 100 mm × 0.5 mm.   We use NiO-SrZr_0.5Ce_0.4Y_0.1O_3-δ as the substrate, which ensures minimal warping and no cracks in the end-fired state. The electrolytes in our half-cell are appropriately dense and gas-tight after co-firing at 1300 ℃, which is about 200 ℃ lower than required for the electrolyte alone.

We use an innovative approach to evaluate proton kinetic properties in perovskite-type oxides via a combination of isotope exchange experiments (¹⁸O₂ and ²H₂O tracers) and TOF-SIMS depth profiling. Based on a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanisms and their potential to reduce PCFC/ PCFC costs, we will establish a design concept for high-performing protonic air electrodes.